Diagnose Language-Based Thinking Deficits

Ages: 12-0 through 17-11

Testing Time: 40 minutes

While other tests may assess thinking skills by tapping mathematical, spatial, or nonverbal potential, the TOPS 2: Adolescent assesses critical thinking abilities based on the student's language strategies using logic and experience.

The TOPS 2: Adolescent uses a natural context of problem-solving situations related to adolescent experiences and assesses five different decision-making skill areas critical to academic, problem solving, and social success.

Based on the research of Richard Paul, the TOPS 2: Adolescent emphasizes the integrative disposition of critical thinking by focusing on these cognitive processes:

• understanding/comprehension
• analysis
• interpretation
• self-regulation
• evaluation
• explanation
• inference/insight
• decision-making
• intent/purpose
• problem solving
• acknowledgment

Subtests

The test is comprised of five subtests (18 written passages) that assess a student's performance of these skills. The subtests require the student to pay careful attention to, process, and think about what they hear and read; think about problems with a purpose in mind; resist the urge to be impulsive; and express answers verbally.

• Subtest A: Making Inferences- The student is asked to give a logical explanation about a situation, combining what he knows or can see with previous experience/background information. Students who do well on this subtest make plausible inferences, predictions, or interpretations.
• Subtest B: Determining Solutions- The student is asked to provide a logical solution for some aspect of a situation presented in a passage.
• Subtest C: Problem Solving- This subtest requires a student to recognize the problem, think of alternative solutions, evaluate the options, and state an appropriate solution for a given situation. It also includes stating how to avoid specific problems.
• Subtest D: Interpreting Perspectives- A student who does well on this subtest will evaluate other points of view in order to make a conclusion.
• Subtest E: Transferring Insights- The student is asked to compare analogous situations by using information stated in the passage.

COMPLETE TEST INCLUDES: Examiner's Manual, Reading Passages Book, and 20 Test Forms. (©2007)